Most controllers are designed to run code.
DUILIO F4 is designed to run machines.
This comparison highlights architectural differences, not raw performance.
| Controller | 5V logic compatibility | High-resolution analog inputs | Designed failsafe logic | Multi-motor coordination | Wide input voltage range | Can power peripherals (e.g. Raspberry Pi) | Works with external motor drivers | System watchdog & safety states | Time to a working motion system | Cost efficiency (typical) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arduino UNO / MKR | ||||||||||
| Arduino GIGA R1 | ||||||||||
| ESP32 | ||||||||||
| STM32 Nucleo | ||||||||||
| DUILIO F4 |
Note: Scores reflect typical system-level usage, not raw MCU capabilities. General-purpose boards may require extra hardware and firmware to reach similar safety and motion features.